Category: Science

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A Theoretical Breakthrough in Modern Physics: Uniting Einstein’s Gravity with Quantum Mechanics

Jonathan Oppenheim(University College, London) is a contemporary theoretical physicist whose research focuses on the intersection of gravity and quantum mechanics. His work primarily involves exploring the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics, quantum information theory, and how these fields relate to gravity and black holes.

Overview of Jonathan Oppenheim’s Contributions

  1. Quantum Information Theory and Gravity:
    • Oppenheim has contributed to the understanding of how quantum information theory can be applied to gravitational systems. Quantum information theory deals with the transmission, processing, and storage of information in quantum systems, and its principles can provide insights into the nature of spacetime and black holes.
  2. Black Hole Information Paradox:
    • One of the significant problems in theoretical physics is the black hole information paradox, which questions whether information that falls into a black hole is lost forever or can be recovered. Oppenheim’s work has involved exploring how information might be preserved in the presence of black holes and the implications for the foundations of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
  3. Thermodynamics and Quantum Systems:
    • He has explored the thermodynamics of quantum systems, particularly the second law of thermodynamics, and how it applies in quantum contexts. His research often involves studying the entropy and information flow in quantum systems, and how these concepts might extend to gravitational systems.
  4. Quantum Correlations and Entanglement:
    • Oppenheim has studied quantum correlations and entanglement, which are central to understanding quantum mechanics’ non-local nature. These concepts are crucial when considering how quantum mechanics might reconcile with general relativity, especially in contexts like the early universe or near black holes.
  5. Holographic Principle and Quantum Gravity:
    • The holographic principle, which posits that all the information contained within a volume of space can be described by a theory on the boundary of that space, is a significant concept in quantum gravity. Oppenheim’s work often intersects with this principle, exploring how quantum information and gravity are connected.

Key Papers and Research Areas

  1. Decoherence and Quantum Measurement:
    • Oppenheim has investigated the process of decoherence, where quantum systems lose their quantum properties due to interactions with their environment. This research is vital for understanding the quantum-to-classical transition and the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.
  2. Resource Theories in Quantum Mechanics:
    • He has contributed to the development of resource theories, which quantify the resources needed to perform certain tasks in quantum information theory. These theories help understand the limitations and capabilities of quantum systems, including how they might interact with gravitational systems.
  3. Quantum Foundations:
    • Much of Oppenheim’s work is concerned with the foundational questions of quantum mechanics. This includes studying how classical concepts like causality and locality emerge from quantum systems and how quantum mechanics can be interpreted in various physical contexts.

Conclusion

Jonathan Oppenheim’s research is at the cutting edge of theoretical physics, exploring how quantum mechanics can be unified with general relativity and how information theory principles apply to gravitational systems. His contributions help pave the way toward a deeper understanding of the universe’s fundamental workings, addressing some of the most profound questions in modern physics.

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SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) Experiment at CERN

The SHIP (Search for Hidden Particles) experiment is a proposed experiment at the CERN SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron). It is part of the broader research community at CERN. SHIP aims to explore the “Hidden Sector” of particles, which includes candidates for dark matter and other hypothetical particles that could extend the Standard Model of particle physics.

Objectives of the SHIP Experiment:

  1. Search for Hidden Particles: SHIP aims to detect long-lived, weakly interacting particles that are not accounted for in the Standard Model. These particles could include heavy neutral leptons, dark photons, and other exotic particles that could provide insights into dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe.
  2. Study of Neutrino Physics: SHIP also plans to investigate neutrino physics, particularly focusing on the properties and interactions of tau neutrinos, the least understood type of neutrino.

How the SHIP Experiment Works:

  1. Beam Production: The SPS accelerator will produce a high-intensity beam of protons. These protons will be directed onto a target, producing a shower of secondary particles.
  2. Decay Volume: The particles produced from the target will pass through a decay volume, a large area where these particles can decay into other particles. This decay volume is essential for detecting long-lived particles that travel some distance before decaying.
  3. Detection System: The SHIP experiment will employ a sophisticated detection system designed to identify the decay products of these hidden particles. The detection system will include tracking detectors, calorimeters, and muon detectors to accurately measure the properties of the particles produced in the decays.

Significance of SHIP:

  1. New Physics: Discovering hidden particles could provide evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model, addressing some of the most profound questions in particle physics and cosmology.
  2. Dark Matter: Some of the hidden particles SHIP aims to detect are potential candidates for dark matter, which makes up about 27% of the universe but has yet to be directly observed.
  3. Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry: Understanding why the universe is made mostly of matter rather than an equal mixture of matter and antimatter could be advanced by studying heavy neutral leptons and other particles SHIP targets.

In summary, the SHIP experiment at CERN aims to explore uncharted territories in particle physics by searching for hidden particles that could extend our understanding of the universe. Its findings could have significant implications for our knowledge of dark matter, neutrino physics, and the fundamental forces of nature.

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The Large Hadron Collider is not a perfect circle?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is not a perfect circle. Instead, it is an approximation of a circular shape but actually forms a polygon with many straight segments joined by curves. There are several reasons for this design:

  1. Engineering and Construction Practicalities: Constructing a perfect circular tunnel is extremely challenging from an engineering perspective. The LHC’s tunnel, which is located 100 meters underground, follows the natural contours of the landscape to a certain extent. Building a series of straight segments connected by curves simplifies the construction process and allows for more straightforward alignment and stability.
  2. Magnetic Field Requirements: The LHC uses superconducting magnets to bend and focus the particle beams. These magnets are placed in the straight segments and are designed to generate very precise and strong magnetic fields. Having straight sections allows for more controlled and uniform magnetic fields, which are necessary for maintaining the high-speed proton beams on their correct paths.
  3. Access and Maintenance: The design with straight segments and bends facilitates easier access for maintenance and upgrades. It also allows for the installation of various experimental apparatuses at specific points around the collider where different experiments can be conducted.
  4. Optimized Layout: The LHC is housed in the same tunnel that was used for the previous Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP). The shape of the tunnel was dictated by the needs of the LEP and reused for the LHC. This existing infrastructure influenced the design and layout of the LHC.

In summary, while the LHC is often described as circular, its shape is actually a polygon with many straight sections joined by curves. This design optimizes the collider’s functionality, construction, and maintenance requirements, making it feasible to achieve the precise conditions needed for high-energy particle collisions.

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James Webb Earliest Galexies images point toward confirming my IBBU universe hypothesis

See article

https://time.com/6269232/james-webb-telescope-oldest-galaxies/

I had good news recently. The astrophysicist found 6 new galaxies, bigger than the Milky Way, just 320 million years after the Big Bang!

Now that’s awesome in its own right and The Standard Theory (Einstein) is turned on its head.

Several year ago I hypothesised a central dark body and that we see only a fraction of the universe due to this IBBU (Infinite Black Body Universe) obscuring space.

See this link: http://www.georgewombwell.com/author/2011/07/29/hypothesis-alternative-view-of-the-universe/

Copyright Getty Images (fair usage and educational purposes)

As James Webb is a million miles from Earth, it can now see more space, be it just small increase. However, if I am right we could estimate the current size of the central body. If, as I claimed, the IBBU is expanding, it might also be possible to estimate this expansion rate (or contraction rate of course).

In any event I claim this as further evidence supporting my hypothesis.

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Einstein’s Gravitational Waves: Another indication of the IBBU Universe

About five years ago I postulated a new view of the Universe: The IBBU Universe. See here

Today, scientists announced the detection of gravitational waves, Einstein’s outstanding theory from his major studies on gravity and the general theory of relativity. This is exciting stuff in its own right of course and congratulations to the teams that did the hard work to detect gravitational waves last year. It’s interesting they pinpoint a major interaction between two black holes as the cause. I would like to know how they did that.

What is does for the IBBU hypotheses I announed five years ago is that we now have a method that has every chance to find the black body source at the centre of our universe. This is because it would have immense effects on space time ripples and detecting the resulting gravitational waves suddenly became a definite possibility.

The IBBU Universe as postulated by HD in July 2011.

 

Read more on Gravitational Waves

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The Largest Structure Ever Observed in the Universe

Reported this month is the discovery of the largest ‘structure’ in the universe.

A computer visualization of quasar cluster U1.27 or, more colloquially, Huge-LQG, the largest object ever identified in the universe (Roger G. Clowes)

This gives further support to HD’s hypothesis that the universe has a large central body – Infinite Black Body Universe (IBBU). This comes just a month or so after the publication of the largest black hole discovery. HD is feeling quite smug right this minute.

Read the report

HD

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‘Largest Black Hole Discovered’ could be best proof of IBBU Universe Hypothesis

The journal Nature has recently reported the discovery of the largest black hole in the universe according to the Independant newspaper. This is excellent news for HD’s hypothesis that it is an infinite black body universe (IBBU)

The apparent fact that black holes can be so large (in this case is more than 11 times wider than the orbit of Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System) gives credence to the theory of the existence of a central body with similar properties to black holes, which I postulated in a post on Jul 29, 2011.

So-called sightings of black holes are inferred by their ability to prevent light from escaping their interior in the same way that the IBBU hypothesis allows for an infinite black body mass at the heart of the universe. This one may in fact be the IBBU recorded in a particular state and not just an echo of itself, as I prefer to refer to the appearance of other black holes across the whole universe. More work needs completing on this observation to determine whether it is in an expanding or contracting phase. Finding evidence that the so-called black hole works independently of the galaxy in which it is supposed to reside, will be further evidence of the existence of the Infinite Black Body Universe.

HD

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Higgs Boson: The search goes on but the scientists have it wrong

Today’s news from CERN that the Higgs Boson may exist given their findings from their two experiments ATLAS and CMS have indicated the same. The findings are as elegant as the presentations they make about them and not withstanding the expense to get thus far, it looks bright for particle physicists in the years to come.

However, as all particle physicists know, Higgs Bosons do NOT account for gravity, therefore their assertion that this news is quite possibly the most startling ‘in their lifetimes’ is both brash and hollow at the same time. Brash because it will provide the oxygen for further funding requests and hollow since it proves very little about the real universe.

HD has already given their alternative universe hypothesis this time last year. The ‘Infinite Black Body Universe’ or IBBU principle that relates all bodies whether infinitesimally large or infinitesimally small, are handled in exactly the same way and are all subject to the laws of gravity. Therefore today’s announcement leaves the scientific community in exactly the same place as they were yesterday: no idea how to explain gravity and no nearer to explaining the existence of the universe despite what they might tell you. Particle physicists take note!

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Smallest distance between objects




Question posed today elsewhere:
'…What's the smallest distance between two objects before they touch?…'
HD's proposition:
It's a really good question Jim!
If you assume that the smallest distance between two objects is a straight line and the line is made up of infinitesimal 'bits' and where these 'bits' are the smallest particles that can exist in the universe it might be stated that they are not touching when the line's bits=2 between the objects. Therefore if you measure each bit in terms of length and multiply by 2 that is the smallest measurable length between the objects. It cannot be reduced to 1 bit only, since one bit cannot be a line, it can only be the smallest bit of a line.
Theoretically, it might be stated as the width of the smallest particle that makes up the atomic structure since atoms are in fact transparent to some particles. I.e radiation. Measuring that may be difficult unless you place two objects that do not appear transparent to these particles next to each other and wait till the particles cannot transmit across the gap.
Practically not possible. Read about Schrödinger's Cat where it is either alive or dead, but is only one or the other when one can actually measure it. At all other times it is either alive or dead but remains hidden.
The assumption that the smallest distance between two points, however, is also not provable outside of mathematics. It might be that the smallest distance is in fact measured by some other entity which may not be straight in the ordinary sense of the word. Lines are assumed to be straight but it may not be the case. If they are made up of 'bits' as stated above, there is a reliance on the 'bits' being adjacent to each other at all times and that there is no 'gap' between bit ends.
The question that could be asked is are there distinct objects or are all objects just transient, transferable and fusible with other objects?
It may also be that the distance between two objects may be different in space than as measured on earth!
HD